High risk groups include those with diabetes, hypertension and a family history of kidney disease. African Americans, Hispanics, Pacific Islanders, Native Americans and Seniors are also at increased risk.
In addition to controlling your blood pressure and glucose levels associated with diabetes, there are other concrete steps you can take to reduce your risk of acquiring chronic kidney disease.
The following is a condensed reprint of information compiled and created by Life Options, a kidney disease research and outreach program. Content appeared on www.lifeoptions.org (last updated 03/03/09).
Risk Factors You Can Change
Blockages
Scarring from infections or a malformed lower urinary tract system (birth defect) can force urine to back up into the kidney and damage it. Blood clots or plaques of cholesterol that block the kidney's blood vessels can reduce blood flow to the kidney and cause damage. Repeated kidney stones can block the flow of urine from the kidney and are another kind of obstruction that can damage the kidneys.
What you can do: Sometimes blockages can be repaired or opened to help save function in a blocked kidney and kidney stones can be treated. If you know or suspect that you may have a blockage, ask your doctor what can be done about it.
Overuse of Painkillers and Allergic Reactions to Antibiotics
Heavy use of painkillers containing ibuprofen (Advil®, Motrin®), naproxen (Aleve®), or acetaminophen (Tylenol®) have been linked to interstitial nephritis, a kidney inflammation that can lead to kidney failure. A new study suggests that ordinary use of painkillers (e.g., one pill per day) is not harmful in men who are not at risk for kidney disease. Allergic reactions to—or side effects of—antibiotics like penicillin and vancomycin may also cause nephritis and kidney damage.
What you can do: If you routinely take these medications, be sure that your doctor is aware of it—especially if you already have a known kidney problem. When you are taking a new medication, report any new symptoms to your doctor.
Drug Abuse
Use of certain nonprescription drugs, such as heroin or cocaine, can damage the kidneys, and may lead to kidney failure and the need for dialysis.
What you can do: If you are using these drugs, know that they can harm your health and seek help to stop. Be honest with your doctor about your medical history—he or she can't help you without knowing the full story.